There are lots of different frameworks you can use for your research. The best one for you often depends on what you are studying. Also think about the aims and scope of your research. Sometimes your topic might not fit perfectly into a framework, and that’s okay; you can use just part of a framework if it helps.
The PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is often used in health science. In social sciences, the SPICE framework (Setting, Population or Perspective, Intervention, Comparison, Evaluation) is more common. If you are not sure or need help deciding which framework would be the best for your research, ask your dissertation or research supervisor.